Participants’ sex and the religious status only played a role in who used magic, reactions to their outcomes, and motives for their use. The findings show that the participants’ country of origin played a role in who used magic how and reasons for its application its continued use and frequency of use in adulthood reactions to their outcomes and the motivating factors for magic application. ![]() The study aims to compare the similarities and differences of groups in different settings on how magical practice is applied (passively or actively), the internal and external motives and influencing factors behind magical thinking and practices, and the reactions to the outcomes of magical practice. A descriptive analysis and cross-tables (chi-square) for group comparisons were performed. Using a cultural psychology and critical cross- “cultural” approach, this study combined and re-analysed both Massoumi in Karl-Franzens-Universitaet Graz, 2019 and Szarata in Freie Universitaet Berlin, 2019 pre-coded data ( N = 488) on the magical practices from four countries: Germany, India, Turkey, and South Korea. Three other studies (Watzlawik & Valsiner, 2012 Massoumi, 2019 Szarata, 2019) have used an English translation of this questionnaire to collect and analyse data on magical thinking and behaviour in the USA, Germany, India, Turkey, and South Korea. ![]() ![]() Martha Muchow, in collaboration with Heinz Werner, developed a questionnaire to collect data on magical thinking and practices in children and adolescents in Germany in the early 1900s.
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